Evidence exists that neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the development and progession of many chronic neurologic diseases, Alzheimer's (AD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson's (PD). Although microglial cells are generally considered as the main resident immune cells of the brain, it is important to underline that astrocytes are immunocompetent as well, and they act as important regulators of CNS inflammation. Despite years of research, drug discovery initiatives, and promising clinical trials, these diseasea remain incurable. Recent studies have suggested common mechanism underlying these pathologies.